Activity Two

Helium

Oxygen

1. What is the atomic number for each of your models?

Model One:  2
Model Two:  8

2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models?

Model One:  4.002602
Model Two:  15.9994

3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?

Model One:  2 protons, 2 neutrons
Model Two:  8 protons, 8 neutrons

4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models? What would change with the model?

Same number of protons, but a different number of neurons.

The nucleus of the model would change.

5. Considering the overall volume of your element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?

The nucleus, where the protons and neutrons are held.

6. For one of your models, show with another image what happens when energy excites an electron.

Excited Electron (top m&m)

7. Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state?

When an electron in an excited state returned to a lower energy state, it emits a photon of energy, which may be observed as light.

8. Why are some elements different colors when they are excited?

When light from a gaseous substance is passed through a prism, it produces a line spectrum.  Different elements emit different gases.

9. With the Fourth of July coming up quickly, explain how the colors of fireworks arise.

We are seeing the electron returning to the ground state from the excited state.  When an electron in an excited state returned to a lower energy state, it emits a photon of energy, which may be observed as light - or fireworks!.

10. Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.

 Groups:  The vertical columns
 Periods:  The horizontal rows - metallic (on left) to nonmetallic (on right)
 Four sections:  Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases
 Then by Metals, Nonmetals, and Matalloids

11. List two example elements for each of these groups or classes: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth, Halogens, Noble Gases, Transition Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids.

Alkali Metals - Lithium, Sodium
Alkaline Earth - Calcium, Magnesium
Halogens - Fluorine, Chlorine
Noble Gasses - Helium, Neon
Transition Metals - Nickle, Copper
Nonmetals -Carbon, Nitrogen
Metalloids -  Silicone, Boron